Introduction

The realm of cybersecurity is often filled with complex terms that can bewilder even seasoned professionals. At TechCrunch, we’ve chronicled this domain for years, and find ourselves occasionally revisiting definitions. This glossary serves as a living resource, demystifying common and rare cybersecurity terminology and offering insights into their applications.

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

An APT refers to hackers or hacker groups that gain unauthorized access to systems, aiming to stay undetected for espionage or sabotage. These groups are well-resourced and sometimes state-sponsored, with notable origins from countries like China and Russia. However, non-state actors motivated by financial gain have also emerged in recent times.

Code Execution

The ability to execute malicious code on a system due to a vulnerability is known as arbitrary code execution. Achievable remotely or physically, it often leads to installing back doors for persistent access. When done over the internet, it’s termed remote code execution.

Hacker Hats: Black, White, and Gray

Hackers are often labeled based on intent: “black hat” for illicit gains, “white hat” for legal security testing, and “gray hat” for ambiguous motives. Though this terminology persists, the cybersecurity community is moving towards more nuanced classifications.

Botnets

Networks of compromised devices forming botnets are controlled via command-and-control servers for malicious purposes like DDoS attacks. These can involve thousands of devices, exploiting their collective power to mask criminal activities or disrupt services.

“The first known computer ‘bug’ was a moth causing a malfunction in 1947.”

– Historical Note

Encryption

Encryption scrambles data using algorithms and keys, making it unreadable without permission. End-to-end encryption (E2EE) ensures data privacy even from service providers, becoming standard in apps like WhatsApp and Signal.

Ransomware and Cyber Extortion

Ransomware encrypts victims’ files demanding money for decryption keys. This malicious software has evolved into a billion-dollar industry affecting individuals and corporations alike.

Threat Modeling

Create threat models by assessing potential adversaries and vulnerabilities unique to your situation. Whether you’re an activist or a corporation, understanding your specific threats is crucial for effective cybersecurity strategies.

Conclusion

This glossary is designed to illuminate the often murky waters of cybersecurity terminology. By understanding these terms and their implications, you’ll be better equipped to navigate the digital world safely and effectively.